In March 2021, the period of reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake ended. The Tokyo Olympics 2020, which were held with the aim of launching the recovery to the rest of the world, have come to an end, and reconstruction policies tend to be scaled back. This paper focus on some of the lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake. And I discuss “Sozoteki Fukko (Build Back Better)” and regional development in the affected areas, where depopulation has been remarkable. The Great East Japan Earthquake left us with many lessons, one of the most significant of which is “reconstruction under electoral democracy. Unlike in authoritarian countries, crisis management and disaster recovery in electoral democracies look to public opinion. This is because the will of the electorate has a great influence on the selection of political leaders who will be responsible for reconstruction. This paper focus on (1) the “Genshoku Rakusen Domino Gensho (domino phenomenon of losing incumbent candidates)” in Fukushima, (2) the situation where reconstruction policies disappear from campaign promises in every election, and (3) the framing by politicians and media affected JapanKorea relations and other issues. I also discuss Sozoteki Fukko measures being implemented in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. For example, under the Sozoteki Fukko initiative, Miyagi Prefecture has been implementing reconstruction policies as the social experiment in deregulation. Also, regional revitalization measures utilizing ICT (information and communication technology), such as the use of AI in the agricultural sector, are being tried. Furthermore, in the Hamadori (Coastal area) of Fukushima, which was severely damaged by the nuclear disaster, the Fukushima Innovation Coast Initiative, a national project aimed at building a new industrial base by creating a base for decommissioning research and robot development, is underway. This paper examines the political implications of these efforts. Finally, I insist that we have to research how the development of research centers will affect society in the affected areas.