In the field of organizational behavior research domain, there is little previous studies concerns about the perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem. In this research, we focus on whether the perceived external prestige has the positive effect to the affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior or not. And whether the organization based self-esteem moderates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and affective commitment or not. The data was collected from a questionnaire-based survey of six companies located in the Beijing, Tianjin city from August to September 2017. The questionnaire-based survey consisted mainly of structured questions; we received 182 effective responds and used SPSS, AMOS to analysis the correlation of this data. The results of this research reveals that: Firstly, perceived external prestige has a positive significant relationship to affective commitment. Secondly, affective commitment also positively relates to organizational citizenship behavior. Thirdly, affective commitment mediates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and organizational citizenship behavior. Fourthly, organization based self-esteem moderates the relationship between the perceived external prestige and affective commitment. Finally, some suggestion to improve the level of perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem for employees should be considered. Based on the research result, we may know that the high level of organization based self-esteem, the employees’ affective commitment will become strong. Since today’s most organizational behavior research focused on the inside organization not the outside, for example: the leadership style, the organization justice and so on. Based on the social exchange theory, the perceived of the outside factors also have a significant influence on the development of the organization and the motivation of employees. This research also explores the relationship between perceived external prestige and organization based self-esteem can be a contribution to the supplement for the literature. And some practical measures should be taken by the organization to protect the external prestige image and improve the ability of public relationship to deal with the unexpected emergency.