The chemical components and using performances indexes can be tested for different aging degree heavy traffic paving asphalt by different aging time through the rotary-thin-film-oven test. According to the test data, the influence of aging time on asphalt chemical composition and using performances are analyzed, and the influence of asphalt chemical composition on using performance is analyzed too. The results show that during the aging course of asphalt, the changing principle of the content of saturated fragrance, sweet fragrance and glue nature is descending linearly, and asphalt nature content increases linearly. Above, the rate of speed for glue nature content changing to asphalt nature is fast. At the same time, the asphalt penetration and ductility descends as exponential transform, and softening point increases linearly. The dependence of asphalt using performance indexes on chemical components for high to low is penetration, ductility and softening point, which shows that the penetration should be the best evaluation for aging asphalt performance. The results are helpful to the asphalt reclamation.