Natural disasters occur frequently due to the vast territory of China, and communication challenges during rescue and relief operations have always been a bottleneck that hinders efficiency. Specifically, during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake emergency relief efforts, the most heavily impacted areas were without means of communication for over 72 hours, severely impeding the analysis and evaluation of the relief situation and significantly disrupting the relief process. Currently, integrating various forms of data such as drones, audio and video equipment are essential for accurately assessing the situation in disaster areas and improving the effectiveness of rescue operations. Real-time transmission of this data to the front command headquarters and command center allows for scientific and precise development of disaster relief strategies. At present, ground mobile communications are severely impaired by natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and typhoons. Communication facilities become heavily damaged and rendered useless during such events. Satellite communication is not limited by space, time, geography, or power, among other conditions and facilities. High-throughput satellites employ technological advantages such as high power, multipoint beams, and frequency multiplexing, enabling them to offer high-speed, large-bandwidth, multi-user communication services for emergency disaster relief. Based on an analysis of the technical features of high throughput satellites, this paper proposes a three-tiered emergency satellite communication system consisting of an emergency detachment, front command headquarters, and command center. Additionally, this paper outlines technical specifications and requirements for satellite communication terminals, wireless area coverage, and secure transmission. The findings of this study provide valuable insights and serve as a useful reference for developing China's emergency rescue satellite communication system.