The objective of this paper was to assess the use of multi-frequency SAR data for the mapping and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of land surface parameters and agricultural practices. In particular, the focus was on the retrieval of surface soil moisture (SSM) and vegetation water content (VWC) and on the classification and monitoring of irrigation extent and tillage practices at high resolution. The paper illustrates the data basis collected over three European sites, namely Apulian Tavoliere (Southern Italy), Jolanda di Savoia (Northern Italy), and Castilla y Leon (Spain), and the main results.