Aiming at the problems of image encryption algorithm in terms of security and encryption effect, an image encryption algorithm based on multiple chaotic maps and DNA encoding is proposed. First, using Logistic map to randomly scramble the rows and columns of the plaintext image, and convert the result into a binary matrix; second, according to the DNA coding rules, convert the binary matrix into a DNA matrix, and use 2D-LSMM map and Logistic-Sine system to perform in DNA encoding operation, XOR operation is performed on the obtained encoding matrix to obtain an encrypted DNA matrix; finally, according to the DNA decoding rules, the encrypted DNA matrix is converted into a digital image to obtain a ciphertext image. Experimental simulation and performance analysis show that the algorithm has better encryption and decryption effects, larger key space, and higher security and robustness.