With profound changes in China's energy development situation and the adjustment of the “dual-control” policy of energy consumption amount and intensity, it is worthwhile to re-examine and discuss whether energy consumption can be controlled within 6 billion tons coal equivalent, as required by the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016–2030). This paper analyzes the impact of energy consumption “dual-control” policy adjustment in terms of the synergistic relationship between development and emission reduction, short-term and mid-long term, in whole and in part. The mid and long-term trends in China's energy consumption are quantified by applying the economic-energy-electricity-environmental (4E) system analysis method.