The scientific study is the interaction of electromagnetic waves (EM) with matter is referred to as spectroscopy. Sir William Herschel discovered infrared radiation in 1800. The name of IR spectrum has been given names after their interactions with the visible spectrum. IR spectroscopy gives peak on basis molecular arrangement. Only those molecules with a permanent dipole moment, like CO2, will exhibit an IR spectrum. IR spectroscopy is innovative way for distinguishing chemical properties of drugs and materials. IR spectroscopy is relevant to all areas of chemistry, research institutes and industries. The paper reviewed aimed to provide details regarding the history, concepts, and operational techniques of infrared spectroscopy, as well as the applications of infrared spectroscopy in various areas.