Advances in computer science, microelectronics technology, and wireless communication are driving the rapid development of wireless sensor networks. At present, research and development work on various aspects of wireless media sensor network technologies are in progress. With the increasing demands of users for the quality of wireless communication and the diversity of Internet services, improving the efficiency of data transmission is particularly important in the research of wireless sensor network technology. At present, the network coding scheme has pointed out a new direction for the research of improving the efficiency of data transmission. This paper aims to study the satellite sensor data transmission technology based on network coding. Based on the analysis of the basic principles of network coding, the classification of network coding and the satellite data transmission system, a data transmission algorithm based on network coding is proposed and combined compare the performance of two traditional algorithms. The experimental results show that compared with the other two traditional data transmission algorithms, the total energy consumption of the nodes in this algorithm is the lowest.