Carrying out the calibrate by placing the ball on the sea has some disadvantages, such as high cost, low efficiency, etc. Based on this point, a maritime calibration method based on fixed-wing UAV is proposed. Firstly, choosing the appropriate UAV model for marine application by analyzing the characteristics of tracking ships’ maritime calibration application, and the route planning method suitable for calibration application during the navigation process of the tracking ships is proposed. By studying the digital guiding scheme of UAV tracking, the remote beacon frequency modification system is designed and produced. Secondly, the correction method of tracking fixed-wing UAV miss distance based on pixel coordinates is proposed, and the photoelectric deviation calculation and error analysis are carried out. Finally, a calibration system is developed according to the design scheme. What’s more, the feasibility and validity of the design scheme have been verified by practical calibration tests. The results of carrying out photoelectric deviation calibration by UAV and by placing balls are basically consistent, but the former is more high-efficient and low-cost.