Primary liver cancer is currently a cancer with a high fatality rate, which has always been a difficult problem for people to overcome. How to reduce the pain of cancer patients and improve the treatment effect during the treatment process is a hot spot for scholars from all over the world. Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE) is considered as a minimally invasive, purposeful and low-risk treatment, and has become the first choice for non-surgical treatment of primary liver cancer. TAE kills the tumor cells via blocking the hepatic artery of the solid tumor through microcatheter, which can hinder the supply of oxygen and nutrition to the tumor. The effect of interventional embolization is attributed to the design and use of embolic materials.Therefore, based on embolic materials, this paper reviews different kinds of embolic materials, summarizes the research progress of embolic microspheres in primary liver cancer, and provides ideas for the development of new embolic materials.