Abstract Background The relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression is a hot topic in research as several results of preclinical and clinical studies have shown controversial results. Our meta‐analysis aims to evaluate and update the current status of peripheral BDNF with depression. Methods We performed a meta‐analysis by comprehensively searching PubMed and Web of Science for English‐language literature from inception to 1st of June 2020. The search terms included brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or BDNF in combination with depression, without year restriction. Using STATA software, data were pooled using a random‐effects model. Results In our literature search, 24 studies involving 1130 depressed patients and 1378 healthy individuals met our inclusion criteria. The results of our meta‐analysis showed that the peripheral levels of BDNF levels significantly decreased in depression than nondepressed healthy controls (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.41, −0.38, p