Objective To construct a risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism in adult burn patients, and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on systematic evaluation of the literature, Delphi method and hierarchical analysis were used to construct an initial scale for risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in adult burn patients. Then based on a cross-sectional study, the constructed initial scale and Caprini risk assessment model were applied to investigate 300 adult burn patients admitted to Institute of Burn Research of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. The scale was tested for reliability and validity and risk stratification. Results The constructed scale, "Risk Assessment Scale for Venous Thromboembolism in Adult Burn Patients", had 5 dimensions (such as burn injury factors, catheter placement status, and surgery-related factors) and 23 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors with a cumulative variance explained of 58.959%. The dimensions of the scale and the total scale of the correlation coefficients were 0.572-0.868 (P < 0.01), and the inter-dimensional correlation coefficient was 0.186-0.545 (P < 0.01). The content validity index of each item in the scale was 0.857-1.00, and the content validity index of the unanimous scale was 0.826, and the content validity index of the average scale was 0.980. The correlation coefficient between the scale and the Caprini risk assessment model was 0.683 (P < 0.001). The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.839 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.840, which was greater than the area under the ROC curve for the Caprini risk assessment model (0.762). Conclusion Our constructed risk assessment scale can provide a reference to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism in adult burn patients. The patients having a scale score of 35-36 are considered as being at low risk, those of 37-43 as being at medium risk, and those of ≥44 as being at high risk.