Summary: To explore the safety and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in the treatment of patients with type B aortic dissection, and to evaluate the risk factors for long-term mortality. Our study retrospectively evaluated 729 patients with type B aortic dissection, who were divided into the thoracic endovascular aortic repair group and the optimal medical treatment group according to their treatment. In-hospital mortality, death within 30 days, and aortic-related mortality were lower in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair group than in the optimal medical treatment group (p