Purpose The administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may lead to renal adverse events, notably including renal dysfunction. To early predict the probability of renal dysfunction after ICIs therapy, a retrospective case–control study was conducted.Methods Clinical information on ICIs-treated patients was collected. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for renal dysfunction after ICIs treatment. Moreover, a nomogram model was developed and validated internally.Results A total of 442 patients were included, among which 35 (7.9%) experienced renal dysfunction after ICIs treatment. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR 0.941; 95% CI 0.917 to 0.966; p