Abstract Purpose To study the influence of sex, age and thyroid function indices on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-derived quantitative parameters of thyroid in patients with or without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Material and methods A total of 198 consecutive patients who underwent DECT scan of neck due to unilateral thyroid lesions were retrospectively enrolled. Iodine concentration (IC), total iodine content (TIC) and volume of normal thyroid lobe were calculated. Influences of sex, age and thyroid function indices on DECT-derived parameters in overall study population, subgroup patients with, and those without HT were assessed using Mann–Whitney U test, Student’s T-test, and Spearman correlation analyses, respectively, as appropriate. Results HT group showed significantly lower IC and TIC, while higher volume than No-HT group (all p 35 years) age group in all three groups (all p > 0.05). TPOAb and TgAb correlated positively with IC and TIC, and negatively with volume in overall study population (all p