Manifold-driven decomposition for adversarial robustness
- Resource Type
- article
- Authors
- Wenjia Zhang; Yikai Zhang; Xiaoling Hu; Yi Yao; Mayank Goswami; Chao Chen; Dimitris Metaxas
- Source
- Frontiers in Computer Science, Vol 5 (2024)
- Subject
- robustness
adversarial attack
manifold
topological analysis of network
generalization
Electronic computers. Computer science
QA75.5-76.95
- Language
- English
- ISSN
- 2624-9898
The adversarial risk of a machine learning model has been widely studied. Most previous studies assume that the data lie in the whole ambient space. We propose to take a new angle and take the manifold assumption into consideration. Assuming data lie in a manifold, we investigate two new types of adversarial risk, the normal adversarial risk due to perturbation along normal direction and the in-manifold adversarial risk due to perturbation within the manifold. We prove that the classic adversarial risk can be bounded from both sides using the normal and in-manifold adversarial risks. We also show a surprisingly pessimistic case that the standard adversarial risk can be non-zero even when both normal and in-manifold adversarial risks are zero. We finalize the study with empirical studies supporting our theoretical results. Our results suggest the possibility of improving the robustness of a classifier without sacrificing model accuracy, by only focusing on the normal adversarial risk.