Background: There is a wide variation across studies in the reported prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A targeted literature review was conducted to understand the prevalence of NALFD and NASH in the general population and specific sub-populations as well as identify risk factors associated with NASH. Methods: Embase and Medline databases (2003–July 2018, English language) and relevant conferences were searched to identify observational studies and meta-analysis reporting outcomes of interest. Small cohort studies (