Background: The dichlorvos is reported to cause toxic effects by inducing oxidative stress via modification in antioxidant enzymes. Besides, the neurotransmitters (NTs) linked enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is also inhibited in the kidneys of dichlorvos treated mice. The exact mechanism of toxic action of dichlorvos on AChE gene expression is not clearly understood. Purpose: The present study is aimed to elucidate a possible mechanism by which dichlorvos induces nephrotoxicity in mice. Moreover, it is further clarified that how AChE gene expression gets modified in dichlorvos treated mice. Study design and methods: The study was carried out on healthy male mice, 4–5 weeks old weighing 21±1 g. The animals were equally divided into two groups. The first group served as control, whereas the animals of the second group were given dichlorvos 40 mg/kg b.w. i.p. for 21 days. Results: The treatment of dichlorvos revealed decline in various antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in mice kidneys. The significance level of these antioxidants ranged from P< 0.05 to P