Unlike the traditional approach based on the deficit paradigm that is based on the identification of risk and protective factors of health, Positive Psychology is defined as the scientific study of human strengths and virtues, which allows taking a more open perspective regarding the human potential, their motivations and capabilities (Sheldon & King, 2001). This paper aims to accomplish a brief theoretical review of the main terms associated with Positive Psychology and research undertaken about the virtues and strengths in the scope of childhood. It also describes some of the benefits that the study of the human potential may have on developing educational preventive and intervention programs. Finally, some character measurement instruments are mentioned.