Production of aromatic compounds from biomass-derived platform chemicals constitutes an important step in meeting the demand of high-value chemicals from renewable sources. Among all production routes, Diels-Alder cycloaddition has been extensively explored by researchers for one-pot synthesis, high atom efficiency, high selectivity, and low/mild operating conditions. It is noteworthy that technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) provide insights on the economic feasibility and environmental impact of the production pathways. Moreover, TEA and LCA assist in selecting appropriate production routes, ensuring economic viability and environmental sustainability of the production process. This chapter provides an overview on the production of high-value aromatics such as p-xylene, terephthalic acid, toluene, and trimellitic acid (TMLA) from biorenewable feedstocks. Furthermore, case studies on the technoeconomics of p-xylene and TMLA from biorenewable precursors are discussed to identify the key contributing factors and their implications on the production process. Moreover, LCA of p-xylene production from biomass and fossil pathways suggests suitability of second-generation feedstocks.