Hydrogen production is a crucial technology for energy needs of the world and, if provided sustainably, has the potential to revolutionize the energy sector. This chapter presents a thorough review of hydrogen production technologies including both conventional and advanced techniques. The conventional methods include steam reforming, methane reforming, electrolysis of water, and coal gasification. The technology and the applicability of these technologies are well-established, but they suffer from various limitations such as high energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and high capital costs. Advanced technologies such as biological and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, thermochemical water splitting, and high temperature electrolysis are promising alternatives with lower energy consumption, reduced emissions, and higher efficiency. The advantages and shortcomings of each of these technologies are presented, along with the associated environmental impacts and economic feasibility. The chapter also studies the potential of renewable energy sources to generate hydrogen using these advanced technologies. The importance of integrating renewable energy sources with hydrogen production to achieve a sustainable and carbon-neutral energy system is also highlighted. This chapter discusses the challenges associated with large-scale deployment of hydrogen production technologies such as the need for infrastructure development, technological advancements, and policy support. In summary, hydrogen production technologies are vital to achieve a sustainable energy future. The shift toward advanced and renewable energy sources for hydrogen production is necessary to overcome the limitations of conventional methods and mitigate the environmental impact of energy production. The successful deployment of these technologies will require the collaboration of industry, academia, and policymakers to create a supportive environment for research, development, and deployment.