[目的]探究发酵菌糠和发酵玉米芯在改良叶菜育苗基质中的作用.[方法]以生菜、油麦菜为试验材料,将不同体积比发酵菌糠和发酵玉米芯与草炭、蛭石混合成复合基质,并以草炭∶蛭石=7V∶3V为对照(CK),研究不同配比对叶菜育苗基质理化性质及生菜、油麦菜幼苗生长发育的影响.[结果]在不同体积比复合基质中,T3 处理容重是各处理中最高,为 0.48 g/cm3;T6 处理总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、全磷量、碱解氮含量、pH值、EC值是各处理中最高,分别为 79.26%、29.60%、0.21 g/kg、1 564.76 mg/kg、7.51、4.47 mS/cm;T3 处理全钾量是各处理中最高,为 6.44 g/kg;T7 处理有效磷含量是各处理中最高,为18.86 mg/kg;T3处理速效钾含量是各处理中最高,为 380.68 mg/kg.T8 处理(发酵菌糠21%、发酵玉米芯21%、草炭28%、蛭石 30%)的基质中生菜和油麦菜的出苗率分别达到 95.59%和 95.96%,幼苗的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、全株干质量分别为 8.92 cm、2.08 mm、20.13 cm2、93.70 mg和 15.11 cm、3.50 mm、7.40 cm2、164.01 mg,均显著高于CK(P<0.05);幼苗生长指标的综合评价系数分别为 0.974 和 0.959,均高于CK和其他处理.[结论]添加发酵菌糠和发酵玉米芯均可显著改善叶菜育苗基质的理化性质,发酵菌糠和发酵玉米芯等体积混合后,对生菜、油麦菜幼苗的生长发育有显著促进作用,可部分替代草炭用于叶菜育苗基质.
[Objective]To explore the application of fermented mushroom residue and fermented corn cob in improving leaf vegetable seedling substrate.[Methods]Lettuce and romaine lettuce were used as test materials.Using different volume rations of fermented mushroom residue and fermented corn cob mixed with compound substrate of turf and vermiculite mixture,and turf:vermiculite=7V:3V as control(CK),the effects of different substrate ratios on the physicochemical properties of the substrate as well as the growth and development of lettuce and romaine lettuce seedlings were studied.[Results]In the different ratios of compound substrates,the bulk density of T3 treatment was highest among all the treatments at 0.48 g/cm3.The total porosity,aeration porosity,total phosphorus content,available nitrogen content,pH value,and EC value of T6 treatment were highest among all the treatments,at 79.26%,29.60%,0.21 g/kg,1 564.76 mg/kg,7.51,and 4.47 mS/cm,respectively.The total potassium content of T3 treatment was highest among all the treatments,at 6.44 g/kg.The effective phosphorus content of T7 treatment was highest among all the treatments,at 18.86 mg/kg.The available potassium content of T3 treatment was highest among all the treatments,at 380.68 mg/kg.The emergence rates of lettuce and romaine lettuce in the substrate of T8 treatment(21%fermented mushroom residue,21%fermented corn cob,28%turf,and 30%vermiculite)reached 95.59%and 95.96%,respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,single leaf area,and total dry weight of the seedlings were 8.92 cm,2.08 mm,20.13 cm2,93.70 mg,and 15.11 cm,3.50 mm,7.40 cm2,164.01 mg,respectively,all significantly higher than CK(P<0.05).The comprehensive evaluation coefficients of seedling growth indexes were 0.974 and 0.959,respectively,all higher than CK and other treatments.[Conclusion]The addition of fermented mushroom residue and fermented corn cob significantly improved the physicochemical properties of leafy vegetable seedling substrate.Equal volume of fermented mushroom residue and fermented corn cob mixture had significant promoting effects on the growth and development of lettuce and romaine lettuce seedlings,could partially replace turf in the seedling substrate of leafy vegetables.