作为水生态保护与修复的重要理论,鱼类栖息地健康评价一直是研究重点,但缺少量化综合评价的深入研究.以长江上游中的5处典型深潭生境为例,构建了鱼类栖息地健康状况量化评价体系.研究通过长江上游典型深潭生境健康评价(一级指标)为基准,分为了栖息地环境和栖息地功能(二级指标),涵盖了水质特性、生物环境、水文环境、鱼类资源状况、栖息地质量5个三级指标以及29个四级指标,基于熵权法构建栖息地健康综合评价数学模型,通过栖息地健康综合指数(Comprehensive Health Indicator,ρ)表征典型栖息地健康状态,并对其健康状况进行综合评价.研究结果表明:长江上游典型深潭生境有1处健康等级评价为Ⅰ级,处于非常健康状态;3处评价为Ⅱ级,处于健康状态;1处评价为Ⅲ级,处于亚健康状态,无不健康或劣汰的点.总体来看,长江上游典型栖息地基本处于健康状态,且表现出较强的空间异质性,该评价结果在一定程度上客观反映了长江上游典型栖息地的健康状况,最后根据评分等级探讨了长江上游鱼类栖息地生态系统中亟需解决的问题,针对性地提出了生境修复的对策与建议.
As an important theory of water ecological protection and restoration,fish habitat health assessment has always been the focus of research,but there is a lack of in-depth research on quantitative comprehensive assessment.By taking 5 typical deep-pool habitats in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as examples,this paper establishes a quantitative evaluation system of fish habitat health status.Based on the habitat health assessment(primary index)of the typical deep pool in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the study is divided into habitat environment and habitat function(secondary index),covering 5 tertiary indexes(water quality,biological environment,hydrologi-cal environment,fish resource status,habitat quality)and 29 quaternary indexes.A mathematical model for comprehensive assessment of habitat health is built based on entropy weight method.The typical habitat health status is characterized by comprehensive health indicator reaches of Yangtze River is in a very healthy state with a health grade of Ⅰ.The evaluation of the three places is Ⅱ level,in the health state.A site is rated as level Ⅲ,in the sub-health state,and no healthy or poor tide point.On the whole,the typical habitat in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is basically in health state,and shows strong spatial heterogeneity.The evaluation results objectively reflect the health status of the typical habitat in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to a certain extent.Finally,according to the scoring grades,the urgent problems in the fish habitat ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are discussed,and the countermeasures and suggestions for habitat restoration are put forward.