目的:调查包头市固阳县初中生视力状况,并分析视力不良的危险因素.方法:以包头市固阳县第二中学初一至初三的学生(2019 年 1400 名、2020 年 1414 名)为调查对象,采用标准对数视力表调查学生视力,视力低于 5.0 为视力不良,视力 4.9 为轻度视力不良,4.6≤视力≤4.8 为中度视力不良,视力≤4.5 为重度视力不良.统计不同年份、不同年级学生视力不良发生情况,并调查视力不良的危险因素.结果:2019-2020 年固阳二中学生视力不良发生率较高,且 2020 年视力不良发生率(86.85%)高于 2019 年(82.93%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).各年级视力不良占比随着年级升高而升高,初三明显高于初一,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年份相同年级视力不良占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).单因素及Logistic回归分析结果显示,父母近视、户外活动时间不足、电子产品使用时间过长及读书写字姿势不正确均是初中生视力不良的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05).结论:固阳县初中生视力不良发生率较高,且年级越高,视力不良占比越高.父母近视、户外活动时间不足、电子产品使用时间过长及读书写字姿势不正确均是初中生视力不良的独立危险因素.
Objective:To investigate vision status of junior high school students in Guyang county of Baotou City and to analyze risk factors of poor eyesight.Methods:The students(1400 in 2019 and 1414 in 2020)from the first grade to the third grade of Guyang county No.2 middle school in Baotou City were investigated.The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to investigate the students'visual acuity,and the visual acuity<5.0 was poor eyesight,Visual acuity 4.9 is mild vision impairment,4.6≤visual acuity≤4.8 is moderate vision impairment,and≤4.5 is severe vision impairment.The incidence of poor eyesight among the students in different years and grades was statistically analyzed.The risk factors of poor eyesight were investigated.Results:The incidence of poor eyesight among the students in Guyang No.2 middle school from 2019 to 2020 was higher,and the incidence of poor eyesight in 2020(86.85%)was higher than that in 2019(82.93%),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of poor eyesight in each grade increased with the increase of grade,that in the third grade was significantly higher than that in the first grade,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the proportion of poor eyesight in the same grade in different years(P>0.05).Univariate and Logistic regression analysis showed that parental myopia,insufficient outdoor activity time,excessive use of electronic products and incorrect reading and writing posture were independent risk factors for poor eyesight in the junior high school students(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of poor eyesight in the junior high school students in Guyang county is high.The higher the grade is,the higher the proportion of poor eyesight is.Further,parental myopia,insufficient outdoor activity time,excessive use of electronic products and incorrect reading and writing posture are the independent risk factors for poor eyesight in the junior high school students.