实际工程中,大多数的石油运输管道只允许安装压力传感器检测泄漏情况,流量计仅安装在收费口处,而且对于不可压缩流体无法通过临界压力条件计算泄漏量.基于应力应变公式,通过研究管道的微元体受压时管壁的径向位移与管内压强的关系,得出管道体积随管道压力的应变响应.以管道容积膨胀的改变量表征管道中不可压缩流体的泄漏量,得到不可压缩流体的泄漏量计算模型.建立管道受压膨胀的COMSOL模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果和推导公式均表明:管道的体积应变与管道压力呈二次抛物线关系,但当管道内压力变化不大时,二者之间可近似为线性关系.此外,建立实验平台得到了压力为0 MP a~0.8 MP a时的泄漏量,验证了不可压缩流体与压力变化之间的线性关系.理论和实验结果为管道内不可压缩流体泄漏量的计算提供了理论依据.
In practical engineering,only pressure sensors are allowed to install to detect leakage in most of oil transportation pipelines,while flowmeters are only installed at the toll ports.For incompressible fluid,the leakage rate and amount cannot be accurately calculated through critical pressure conditions.In this paper,a micro-element body of the pipeline was intercepted for calculation.The relationship between radial displacement and pressure of pipe wall was studied based on the stress-strain equation.Then,the strain response of pipeline volume with pipeline pressure was obtained.The change in volume expansion of pipeline was used to characterize leakage of incompressible fluid. Finally, the calculation model of leakage amount of incompressible fluid was obtained.To verify the above theory,the pipeline expansion model under pressure was established by COMSOL software for simulation.Both simulation results and deduction equations show that the volumetric change has a quadratic parabolic relationship with the change of pipeline pressure. However, the relationship between them can be approximately linear when the pressure change is not too large.In addition,the leakage of incompressible fluid under the pressure of 0 MPa-0.8 MPa was obtained by experiments.The experimental results verify the linear relationship between leakage of incompressible fluid and the change of pipeline pressure.The theoretical and experimental results provide a basis for the calculation of leakage of incompressible fluid in the pipeline.