干旱和水资源匮乏是北方麦区小麦生产中存在的主要问题之一,培育抗旱型和节水型小麦新品种是解决这一问题的有效途径,创制抗旱节水新种质是培育小麦品种的重要物质基础.本研究用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变小麦品种济麦22,获得济麦22遗传稳定突变体223份,采用旱地增产和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫方法,筛选出18份抗旱增产突变体;经旱作胁迫和节水性鉴定,12份突变体具有极强抗旱性(抗旱指数DI≥1.300)、10份突变体具有极强节水性(节水指数 WSI≥1.400),其中7份突变体同时具有极强抗旱性和极强节水性,编号分别为22-3、22-4、22-5、22-9、22-13、22-16和22-17,可以作为抗旱型和节水型优异种质加以利用;此外,突变体22-1、22-10、22-11、22-12和22-14可以作为抗旱种质,22-2、22-7和22-18可以作为节水种质.经相关性分析,突变体在雨养生境下的产量相关性状可作为小麦抗旱种质的筛选指标,突变体穗粒数以及在节水生境下的单位产量可作为小麦节水种质筛选指标.
Drought and water scarcity are the main problems in wheat production in the northern wheat region.Breeding new varieties of drought-resistant and water-saving wheat is an effective way to solve this problem,and creating new germplasm of drought-resistant and water-saving wheat provides im-portant material foundation for wheat breeding.In this study,223 genetic stable mutants of Jimai 22 were induced by ethyl methylsulfonate(EMS).18 drought-resistant mutants were screened by dryland yield and polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000)simulated drought stress.Through the identifica-tion of drought stress and water saving materials,12 highly drought-resistant mutants(DI≥1.300)and 10 highly water-saving mutants(WSI≥1.400)were screened.Among them,7 mutants had both extremely strong drought-resistant and water-saving properties,designated as 22-3,22-4,22-5,22-9,22-13,22-16,and 22-17,which could be used as excellent germplasms for drought resistance and wa-ter-saving breeding.In addition,mutants 22-1,22-10,22-11,22-12,and 22-14 could be used as drought resistant germplasms,while 22-2,22-7,and 22-8 could be used as water-saving germplasms.Correlation analysis showed that the yield-related traits of the mutants in rain-fed conditions could be used as screening indices for drought-resistant germplasm,and the number of grains per spike and u-nit yield of the mutant in water-saving conditions could be used as screening indices for water-saving germplasm.