植物遗传转化是转基因技术及以此为基础的基因组编辑、功能基因组学研究和分子育种的关键.其中,物种和基因型差异往往是限制遗传转化效率和基因编辑技术广泛应用的主要瓶颈.随着再生芽发生和体胚发生的分子机制被逐渐探明,在愈伤组织形成、增殖和再生过程中涉及生长素和细胞分裂素合成、响应和信号转导的生长及发育调节基因被用于提高遗传转化效率.本研究首先综述了植物遗传转化过程中体细胞再生的不同途径和方式,以及转化细胞以间接的器官发生方式和体胚发生方式再生的分子机制.然后重点讨论了与生长素和细胞分裂素有关的再生促进基因在提高再生效率,缩短转化时间,以及实现执拗型物种和基因型的遗传转化等方面的应用.最后总结了再生促进基因在转基因和基因编辑中的应用潜力和研究方向.
Plant genetic transformation is the key of transgenic technology,genome editing,functional genomics research and molecular breeding.Species and genotype differences are often the main bottlenecks limiting the efficiency of genetic transformation and the wide application of gene editing technology.With the molecular mechanism of de novo shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis being gradually explored,the growth and developmental regulatory genes involved in the synthesis,response and signal transduction of auxin and cytokinin in callus formation,proliferation and regeneration are used to improve genetic transformation efficiency.In this study,we first review the different ways and means of achieving somatic cell regeneration after genetic transformation,and the molecular mechanisms of regeneration for the transformed cells through indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Then,the application of regeneration-promoting genes related to auxin and cytokinin in improving regeneration efficiency,shortening transformation time,and realizing genetic transformation of recalcitrant species and genotypes was discussed.Finally,the potential for application of regeneration-promoting genes when working with transgenic and gene-edited cells were summarized and current research directions were discussed.