黑疸属于黄疸病的一种,由黄疸病久治不愈,慢性迁延而来,常夹有瘀血、湿热等.黑疸与现代西医多种慢性肝病导致的肝硬化临床症状表现类似.黑疸总体属于阴黄,病机多以瘀阻湿滞为主,常有湿热残留.张仲景提出的黑疸主治方"硝石矾石散"是基于对黑疸本质与湿邪、瘀血这两个关键病理因素密不可分的认识;治疗黑疸应以化瘀祛湿为主,辅以疏肝运脾,化瘀和络,利湿退黄之法.治疗黑疸应注意重视化瘀泻浊,慎用蛮补;瘀浊互结,多夹湿热,慎用温燥;活血化瘀,畅通肝胆络脉,慎用峻烈.
Heidan disease (black jaundice) is a kind of jaundice, which is caused by lingering and chronic jaundice, often with blood stasis and damp-heat, etc. The clinical symptoms of Heidan disease (black jaundice) are similar to those of cirrhosis caused by multiple chronic liver diseases in Western medicine. Heidan disease (black jaundice) generally belongs to yin jaundice type, and the pathogenesis is mostly related to blood stasis and dampness stagnation, often with damp-heat residue. According to Zhongjing Zhang, the prescription Xiaoshi Fanshi powder for the treatment of Heidan disease (black jaundice) is based on the understanding that the nature of Heidan disease (black jaundice) is inseparable from the two key pathological factors of dampness and blood stasis. The treatment of jaundice should be based on removing blood stasis and dampness, supplemented by soothing the liver and promoting the transportation function of spleen, removing blood stasis and harmonizing the collaterals, and promoting diuresis and reducing jaundice. In the treatment of jaundice, removing blood stasis and purging turbidity should be stressed, and powerful tonification should be used with caution. Since blood stasis and turbidity are always intermingling and often complicated with damp heat, the method of warm drying should be used with caution. For promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and dredging the liver-biliary collaterals, drastic medicine should be used with caution.