对鲍威尔自我意识的批判是马克思构建新世界观的关键环节,也是马克思思考人的解放问题的发轫.基于鲍威尔和马克思对"犹太人问题"的分歧,甄别两人关于人的解放问题的不同定位,厘清以自我意识思想为主线的宗教解放、政治解放在人的解放道路上的作用.马克思在对鲍威尔的批判中,一方面肯定宗教批判对于自我意识复归的里程碑意义,另一方面又否决鲍威尔提出的宗教批判—政治解放的道路;并全面阐发了人的解放是立足于客观现实世界的解放——是无产阶级主导的解放,是劳动解放的科学理论.
The criticism of Powell's self-consciousness is the key link of Marx's construction of a new world view and also the beginning of Marx's thinking about Human liberation.Based on the differences between Powell and Marx on the"Jewish question",this paper identifies their different positions on the issue of human liberation and clarifies the role of religious liberation and political liberation with self-consciousness as the main line on the road of human liberation.In his criticism of Powell,Marx on the one hand affirmed the milestone significance of religious criticism for the return of self-consciousness;on the other hand,he completely rejected the path of religious criticism and political liberation proposed by Powell.,It also comprehensively elucidates the scientific theory that man's liberation is based on the liberation of objective real world,which is the liberation led by the proletariat and the liberation of labor.