血脑屏障主要是由脑毛细血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞与周细胞形成的防护性生理屏障,可保护大脑免受有害物质伤害.作为一个血液与脑组织之间的动态平衡界面,血脑屏障通过调控血液与脑组织之间的物质交换来维持脑内微环境的稳定性.病理状态下,血脑屏障组成细胞的功能紊乱会导致血脑屏障功能障碍,从而引发多种中枢神经系统疾病.因此,保护血脑屏障的完整性是治疗中枢神经系统疾病关键的一环.基础和临床研究已证实,镁离子作为神经保护剂,可保护血脑屏障的完整性及减少血脑屏障的通透性.本文将通过介绍血脑屏障结构和功能,简述血脑屏障在生理状态和病理状态下的作用,并以缺血性脑卒中及阿尔茨海默病为例,探讨镁离子在维护血脑屏障的完整性过程中所发挥的作用机制,为今后中枢神经系统疾病的实验研究及临床应用扩充思路,提供参考.
The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is a protective physiological barrier comprised by the cerebral capillary wall,astrocytes and pericytes,which protects the brain from harmful substances.As a dynamic equilibrium interface between blood and brain tissue,the BBB maintains the brain microenvironment via tight regulation of the molecular exchanges between blood and brain parenchyma.In pathological states,dysfunction of the component cells of the blood-brain barrier can lead to blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which can cause a variety of central nervous system disorders.Therefore,protecting the integrity of the BBB is a critical part of the treatment of central nervous system(CNS)disorders.To date,studies at the fundamental and clinical levels have been demonstrated that magnesium ion protects the structure and function of the BBB as a neuroprotective agent.In this review,this paper presents the latests knowledge on the structure and function of the BBB,aiming to briefly describe the role of BBB in physiological and pathological states,and to explore the mechanism of the role played by magnesium ions in maintaining the integrity and permeability of BBB,using ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease as examples.This may expand the ideas and provide new insights for future clinical treatment of CNS disorders.