背景:前期研究表明广西18~22岁少数民族学生体质最偏轻.目的:拟进一步了解广西2645名少数民族学生体型及体质健康状况,寻找影响的关联因子.设计、时间及地点:追踪调查,于2004-12/2007-12在广西民族大学完成.对象:广西民族大学200312005三次体质健康测试的全体学生2645人.男1337人,女1308人,年龄为18~20岁,共15个民族.方法:根据2003年教育部、体育总局<学生体质健康标准(试行方案)>和实施方法分为形态指标、技能指标和身体素质指标3大类.对2645名少数民族身体机能与体质量指数变化的跟踪调查.主要观察指标:身高、体质量、肺活量、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、体质量指数.结果:①广西民族大学2003级学生大学3年期间男生身高、体质量增长率比全国同期多2.45%,身体形态发育正处于高峰期,女生成偏瘦型体型,身体形态发育情况总体欠佳.②男女学生在刚入校时肺活量机能较差,远远低于同期全国平均水平.3年后男生肺活量增长率为11.55%、女生肺活量增长率为27.72%,分别高于全国同期肺活量增长率.③坐位体前屈机能高于同期全国平均水平,男生呈逐年上升趋势,同期全国男性呈下降趋势:同期全国乡村女生均呈逐年上升趋势.④立定跳远机能提高较大,3年后增长率为18.15%.明显高于全国同期立定跳远增长率水平的2.61%.女生立定跳远机能总体不如全国同期水平.⑤体质罩指数总体与同期全固乡村男女学生体质量指数比较稍低一些(P<0.01).结论:2645名少数民族学生发育正处于高峰期:肺活耸机能不及全国同期平均水平.男女体质量指数分布有所不同,体质量偏轻者女生多于男生,表明学生营养状况总体欠佳.
BACKGROUND: Pdor findings have demonstrated that body mass of Minority students aged 18-22 years old in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is slightly lower than concurrent nationwide level.OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the information with respect to healthy status including somatotype and body mass of 2 645 Minority students in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China and to search for correlated influencing factors.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A follow-up investigation was performed in the Guangxi University for Nationalities between December 2004 and December 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2 645 college students consisting of 1 337 males and 1 308 females who received health examination between years 2003 and 2005 in Guangxi University for Nationalities were recruited into this study. They were aged 18-20 years and were from 15 nationalities.METHODS: According to Health Standard of Students' Constitution (Tdal Program) formulated by the Ministry of Education of China and General Administration of Sport of China, examination indices included somatotype, skills, and physical constitution.Physical functions and body mass index (BMI) of 2 645 Minority students were followed up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body height, body mass, vital capacity, bending forward while in a sitting position, standing long jump, and BMI.RESULTS: ①The mean increase rate of body height and body mass across 3 years for male college students in Grade 2003 in Guangxi University for Nationalities was 2.45% higher than the concurrent nationwide mean level, and somatotype development was in the peak phase; in addition, female students presented with a little thin body shape, demonstrating slightly poor somatotype development. ②When newly recruited into university, the vital capacity of male and female students was very poor,which was greatly lower than the concurrent nationwide level. Three years later, the vital capacity was increased by 11.55% and 27.72% for male and female students, respectively, both of which was higher than corresponding concurrent nationwide level.③ The function of bending forward while in a sitting position of male and female students was higher than the corresponding concurrent nationwide level. The function of bending forward while in a sitting position of male students tended to increase year by year, while the concurrent nationwide level of male students was gradually decreased, and the concurrent nationwide level of rural female students was gradually increased.④The function of standing long jump was greatly improved. The mean increase rate across 3 years was 18.15%, which was 2.61% higher than the concurrent nationwide level. The general standing long jump function of female students was poorer compared to the corresponding concurrent nationwide level. ⑤The general BMI of male and female Minority students was a little lower than the corresponding concurrent nationwide level (P< 0.01).CONCLUSION: All recruited 2 645 Minority students were in the peak of development, and the function of vital capacity was poorer compared to the concurrent nationwide level. BMI distribution was different in female and male students, and there were more female students presenting with lower body mass than male students, demonstrating a general poor nutritional state of college students.