聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)具有高抗冲、弹性好、延伸率高、抗撕裂性优异等特点,被广泛应用于诸多领域,是目前具有发展潜力的六大合成材料之一.叙述了PUE的结构特点、影响PUE耐热性的因素以及提高其耐热性的改性方法.分析了近些年来PUE的合成原料(异氰酸酯、低聚物多元醇、扩链剂和交联剂)和聚合工艺等因素对PUE耐热性的影响.并对物理和化学改性提高PUE耐热性进行综述,得出了物理改性中的无机填料和化学改性中的有机硅改性具有较广阔的发展前景.
Polyurethane elastomer(PUE)has the characteristics of high impact resistance,good elasticity,high elongation and excellent tear resistance,and is widely used in many fields,and is one of the six major synthetic materials with development poten-tial.The structural characteristics of PUE,the factors affecting the heat resistance of PUE and the modification methods to improve its heat resistance were described.The effects of PUE on the heat resistance of PUE were analyzed when the synthetic raw materials(isocyanates,oligomeric polyols,chain extenders and crosslinkers)and polymerization processes of PUE were changed in recent years.In addition,the physical and chemical modification to improve the heat resistance of PUE was reviewed,and it was concluded that the inorganic fillers in physical modification and the organic silicon modification in chemical modification have broad develop-ment prospects.