Well-developed mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers for function regulation are highly desirable.Numer-ous studies have been conducted on the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases;however,further improvements are required to develop more effective drug delivery methods.Herein,we comprehen-sively introduce recent developments progress in rational design of mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers,and discuss the different strategies of available nanocarriers for targeting mitochondria.We also highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various carrier systems that are currently in use.Finally,perspec-tive on new generation for mitochondria-targeted delivery systems in the emerging area of drug-based therapeutics is also discussed.