指纹鉴定错案的发生引发了对指纹证据科学性要求的提高,伴随着指纹数据库的不断扩增,指纹相似异源问题已经成为指纹检验领域的重要研究内容之一,其对指纹鉴定标准的构建具有重要意义,也给指纹鉴定带来风险和挑战.本文首先介绍相似异源指纹的研究背景以及概念,然后从相似异源指纹的产生原因和鉴定错误率两方面展开综述,最后结合研究现状对其未来的发展趋势提出几点展望,以期补充指纹鉴定基础理论,为指纹证据的量化评价提供一定的参考.
The occurrence of famous fingerprint identification errors,such as the McKie case in the UK and the Madrid train bombing case in Spain,has triggered an increase in the scientific requirements for fingerprint evidence,and the industry is in urgent need of basic theoretical research on close non-matches(CNMs).In addition,with the continuous expansion of the fingerprint database,the fingerprints screened by automatic fingerprint identification system with the highest scores are highly similar to the fingermarks,and the identification risks brought by CNMs are constantly amplified.The problem of CNMs has become one of the important research contents in the field of fingerprint inspection,which is of great significance to the construction of fingerprint identification standards.In this paper,firstly,the research background of CNMs is expounded with the Madrid train bombing case.Secondly,the concept of CNMs and a peer-reviewed standard are introduced.Then,the causes of CNMs(mainly monozygotic twins and automatic fingerprint identification system),the false positive error rate and the causes of identification errors are comprehensively and deeply analyzed and summarized.Finally,combined with the research status,some prospects for its future development trend are put forward,with a view to supplementing the basic theory of fingerprint identification and providing some reference for the quantitative evaluation of fingerprint evidence.