为了实现"双碳"目标,能源关键元素(Energy-critical elements,ECEs)在全球范围内的应用将显著增加,增加了人群暴露风险,但是其健康效应尚未明确.ECEs主要为金属元素,如锂、钴及稀土元素.为了解金属ECEs的潜在健康效应,重点关注其神经危害或风险,为其在可持续发展过程中可能产生的健康问题提出干预策略.回顾了与金属ECEs相关的毒理学、职业安全和健康问题以及流行病学调查的文献报道,主要在分子和细胞水平、实验动物和人群流行病学研究等方面对上述金属ECEs神经效应的综述.目前,金属ECEs健康效应的研究面临一些挑战:现有的人群研究数量有限,亟需更多的研究为建立有关健康、环境影响和安全的监测系统提供科学依据,为绿色能源行业建立一个可持续、安全和健康的职业环境,助力实现"双碳"目标.
In order to achieve the"dual carbon"goal,the global use of energy-critical elements(ECEs)has been increased significantly,increasing population exposure risk.However the health effects of ECEs are not well defined yet.Most of ECEs are metals,including lithium,cobalt and rare earth elements.The aim of this study was to understand the potential health effects of metal ECEs,focus on their neurological hazards or risks,and propose intervention strategies for potential health issues that may arise during the sustainable development of green energy.In this review,the literatures on toxicology,occupational safety,health issues,and epidemiological studies related to metal ECEs were reviewed.The neurological effects of these metals ECEs are mainly reviewed in molecular and cellular levels,laboratory animal and population epidemiological studies.At present,research on the health effects of metal ECEs faces some challenges:the existing population studies were very limited,and further research is urgently required to provide the scientific evidence for the establishment of health,environmental impact,and safety monitoring systems.A sustainable,safe,and healthy occupational environment for the green energy industry is indispensable to achieve the"dual carbon"goal.