升金湖湿地是中国重要的越冬鹤类Gruidae栖息地,通过对升金湖湿地鹤类种群和栖息地的变化研究,为鹤类及栖息地保护提出建设性建议.选取1986-2015年8期TM遥感影像,运用土地利用程度变化模型,计算1986-2015年土地利用综合指数,得到不同时期土地利用程度变化值.采用土地利用转化率法,计算升金湖湿地1986-2015年土地利用转移概率,分析越冬鹤类栖息地的转移情况.结果表明:各时期土地利用程度变化波动较大,土地利用程度综合指数为220~260,土地利用以林地、 草滩地和水域为主,对栖息地影响有限;鹤类栖息地中草滩地保留率最高,达34.44%.芦苇Phragmites australis滩地保留率最低,仅为15.36%,芦苇滩地主要转移为草滩地和旱地,分别为23.22%和18.16%.泥滩地主要转移为水域和农田,分别为31.79%和27.75%;除2011-2015年,其他各时期栖息地面积变化与鹤类数量增减趋势基本一致.
Shengjin Lake Wetland is an important habitat for winter cranes of China, and changes of land-use structures in the area have had a vital influence on winter cranes and their habitat. According to the study on the changes of the population and habitat of the cranes in the Shengjin Lake Wetland, a constructive suggestion for the cranes and habitat protection would be presented. TM remote sensing images for years 1986-2015 were selected, and a land-use change model was used to calculate the comprehensive index of land-use of the years from 1986 to 2015, and the change value of land-use degree in different periods was obtained. The land-use transformation method was employed to calculate the transfer probability of land-use of Shengjin Lake Wetland during the period from 1986 to 2015, and the transfer of the winter crane habitat was analyzed. Results showed that the degree of land-use change fluctuated greatly in different periods with a comprehensive index of land-use degree between 220 and 260. Also land-use was based on woodlands, marshlands, and waters and their ef-fect on the habitat was limited; marshland had the highest retention rate among the crane habitats being 34.44%. Reed beach land had the lowest rate at only 15.36% and was mainly transferred to marsh (23.22%) and dry land (18.16%). Mud was mainly transferred to water (31.79%) and farmland (27.75%). Thus, except for the period from 2011 to 2015, the change in habitat area was basically consistent with the change in the number of cranes.