目的 应用7.0T MRI及基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)探索脑小血管病(CSVD)认知障碍患者灰质体积改变脑区及与其相关的受损认知域.方法 本研究回顾性连续纳入2021年9月至2023年6月"脑深部髓静脉形态与脑小血管病认知障碍的相关性研究"(注册号:ChiCTR2100045136)中数据,按照纳入与排除标准将CSVD伴认知障碍患者作为CSVD组,与CSVD组年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的健康者作为对照组.蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表(北京版)评分<26分为认知功能障碍.使用MoCA量表、数字广度测验(DST)、数字符号转换测验(DSST)、连线测试(TMT)A部分、词语流畅性测验(VFT)、波士顿命名测验(BNT)及听觉词语学习测验(AVLT)对所有受试者进行认知功能评估.采用7.0T MR系统对受试者进行全脑多模态图像采集,采集T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度双回波序列(T1WI-MP2RAGE)数据用于VBM分析.比较两组受试者一般资料、认知功能评分、脑结构相关指标的差异.使用VBM分析两组灰质体积的差异,并提取CSVD组差异脑区的灰质体积与认知功能评分进行相关性分析.结果(1)对照组18例,年龄55~70岁;CSVD组19例,年龄57~70岁.两组受试者年龄、性别、受教育程度、体质量指数、冠心病史、高脂血症病史、吸烟史、饮酒史、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);CSVD组高血压病史及糖尿病史占比高于对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(12/19比5/18,7/19比0;均P<0.05).(2)CSVD组MoCA量表[22.0(20.0,23.0)分比27.0(26.0,28.0)分,Z=-5.242]、DSST[(18±9)分比(40±4)分,t=5.212]、DST[(10.6±2.5)分比(13.9±2.0)分,t=4.364]、VFT[(38±11)分比(47±8)分,t=3.224]、AVLT-即刻记忆[(13±3)分比(21±4)分,t=6.877]、AVLT-短延迟回忆[(3.4±2.5)分比(6.9±2.2)分,t=4.555]、BNT[(22.7±3.6)分比(27.0±2.1)分,t=4.357]评分均低于对照组,执行能力测试耗时长于对照组[93.00(76.04,125.69)s 比29.77(25.75,40.97)s,Z=-4.832],组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).(3)CSVD组脑实质分数低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义[(78.2± 4.3)%比(80.9±3.7)%,t=2.079,P<0.05],总颅内体积、灰质体积分数、白质体积分数的组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).VBM分析显示,与对照组相比,CSVD组患者右侧颞下回及右侧小脑半球Crus2区灰质体积减少,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05,经错误发现率校正).(4)相关性分析显示,仅CSVD组右侧颞下回灰质体积与AVLT-短延迟回忆评分呈正相关(r=0.543,P=0.036).结论CSVD伴认知功能障碍患者右侧颞下回及右侧小脑半球Crus2区灰质萎缩,且右侧颞下回灰质萎缩与短延迟记忆损害存在相关性.本研究结果有待进一步验证.
Objective To explore the correlation between changes of gray matter volume and related cognitive impairment domains in patients with cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)based on 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and voxel-based morphometry(VBM).Methods All subjects were recruited from the study on Correlation between Cerebral Deep Medullary Vein Morphology and Cognitive Impairment due to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(registration No.:ChiCTR2100045136)from September 2021 to June 2023.We retrospectively enrolled CSVD patients with cognitive impairment as CSVD group and healthy controls with matched age,gender and education level as control group according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale(Beijing version)score<26 was divided into cognitive impairment.All subjects was assessed with MoCA,digit span test(DST),digit symbol substitution test(DSST),trail making test-A(TMT-A),verbal fluency test(VFT),Boston naming test(BNT)and auditory verbal learning test(AVLT).All subjects underwent 7.0T brain MRI scan to acquire T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared 2 rapid gradient echo(T1WI-MP2RAGE)for VBM analysis.General data and above cognitive function scores were compared between 2 groups.VBM analysis was used to compare the gray matter volume(GMV)between 2 groups and get mean GMV of significant brain regions of CSVD to explore the correlation between regions and cognitive function scores.Results(1)There were 18 individuals in control group,aged 55-70 years,and 19 individuals in CSVD group,aged 57-75 years.There was no significant difference in age,gender,education,body mass index,history of coronary heart disease,history of hyperlipidemia,smoking,drinking,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein between the two groups(all P>0.05).But the proportion of hypertension and diabetes history in the CSVD group was higher than control group,and there were significant differences between the two groups(12/19 vs.5/18,7/19 vs.0;all P<0.05).(2)The scores of MoCA scale(22.0[20.0,23.0]vs.27.0[26.0,28.0],Z=-5.242),DSST(18±9 vs.40±4,t=5.212),DST(10.6±2.5 vs.13.9±2.0,t=4.364),VFT(38±11 vs.47±8,t=3.224),AVLT-immediate memory(13±3 vs.21±4,t=6.877),AVLT-short delay recall(3.4±2.5 vs.6.9±2.2,t=4.555)and BNT(22.7±3.6 vs.27.0±2.1,t=4.357)in CSVD group were lower than those in the control group.The time taken to complete TMT-A in CSVD group was longer than the control group(93.00[76.04,125.69]s vs.29.77[25.75,40.97]s,Z=-4.832).The difference of the above between two group was statistically significant(all P<0.01).(3)Brain parenchymal fraction in CSVD group was lower than control group,and there was significant difference between two group([78.2±4.3]%vs.[80.9±3.7]%,t=2.079,P<0.05).VBM analysis showed that gray matter volume of right inferior temporal gyrus(rITG)and right Crus 2 of cerebellar hemisphere(rCERCRU2)in CSVD group was significantly lower than control group(both P<0.05 and corrected by false discovery rate).(4)Partial correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between gray matter volume in rITG and AVLT-short delay recall score(r=0.543,P=0.036).Conclusions CSVD patients with cognitive impairment had gray matter atrophy in rITG and rCERCRU2 and the gray matter volume in rITG was correlated with delayed memory impairment.The results of this study need to be further verified.