塑料因具有廉价轻便耐用和耐腐蚀等特性,其在世界范围内得到广泛的应用,通常被用于食品包装、医疗及技术应用等社会生产的方方面面.微塑料在环境中分布广泛,具有粒径小、比表面积大、降解能力弱、吸附能力强和稳定性强等性质,而其中部分特性决定了它们会吸附环境中的有机和重金属类污染物,形成复合污染体系,从而对生态环境和人类健康产生不利影响.总结了微塑料的分布、性质和危害,综述了微塑料与污染物的吸附机理和影响因素,并在最后提出了对微塑料降解研究未来发展趋势的展望.
Plastics are widely used in the world because of their cheap,lightweight,durable and corrosion resistant properties.They are usually used in all aspects of social production such as food packaging,medical treatment,and technical applications.Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment,with small particle size,large specific surface area,weak degradation ability,strong adsorption ability and strong stability,and some of these characteristics determine that they will adsorb organic and heavy metal pollutants in the environment,forming a complex pollution system,which will have adverse effects on the ecological environment and human health.In this paper,the distribution,properties and hazards of microplastics were summarized,and the adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of microplastics and pollutants were reviewed.Finally,the future development trend of microplastics degradation research was put forward.