EB病毒(Epstein-Barr Virus,EBV)在人群中的感染非常普遍,血清流行病学调查显示,其在成人中的感染率超过95%.原发性EBV感染时,机体启动固有免疫和适应性免疫应答,识别病毒并进行杀伤.在机体免疫力正常时,病毒感染会被控制,但不能被完全清除.之后,病毒在记忆B淋巴细胞内建立持续终身的潜伏感染.病毒持续潜伏感染的建立,需要多种逃避宿主免疫监视的策略.本文将主要从EBV编码蛋白、microRNA以及宿主外泌体通路等3个方面介绍EBV的免疫逃避机制.
Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) infection is widespread within the human population with over 95% of adults being infected.In response to primary EBV infection,the host mounts an antiviral immune response comprising both innate and adaptive immune system.In healthy populations,the immune system can control EBV infection to a large extent.However,the virus cannot be cleared.Instead,EBV establishes a persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes characterized by limited viral gene expression.To establish a persistent infection efficiently,EBV have evolved a number of strategies to avoid immune elimination.In this review,we focus on the immune evasion mechanisms of EBV encoded immune-evasion proteins,microRNA and host exosome pathway.