低温是限制花生生长的重要非生物胁迫因子之一,选育耐冷品种是解决低温冷害最直接有效的手段.本研究以国内外收集的372份花生种质资源为研究对象,对其在温暖区(武汉)和冷凉区(昆明)两种不同生态环境下的产量相关性状及品质进行分析,采用隶属函数法结合连锁聚类分析,筛选优异耐冷资源,并分析冷凉气候对产量相关因子及品质的影响,筛选关键耐冷性鉴定指标,对其耐冷性进行鉴定评价.结果表明,花生的植株、产量和品质主要受结荚期和饱果成熟期温度、光照和积温等影响,温度和积温越高、光照时间越长,产量和含油量、蛋白质等含量越高,油酸、亚油酸和蔗糖含量越低,且不同材料对低温的耐受性存在差异.对综合耐冷评价值(D)进行聚类分析,将372份材料划分为4类,第Ⅰ类属于强耐冷型共2 份;第Ⅱ类属于耐冷型共86份材料;第Ⅲ类属于不耐冷型共280份材料;第Ⅳ类属于敏感型共4份材料.采用多元逐步回归分析法,建立花生田间耐冷性评价模型Y=-0.002+0.003X1+0.008X2+0.002X3+0.001X4,并筛选出相对百仁重、相对单株果数、相对株高和相对单株产量可作为花生田间耐冷性初筛选指标.本研究为花生耐冷性新品种培育和相关理论研究提供基础材料和高效鉴定方法.
Low temperature is a significant abiotic stress factor that restrict the growth of peanuts,and breed-ing of cold-tolerant varieties is the most direct and effective approach to solve low temperature and cold damage.In this study,372 peanut germplasm resources collected from home and abroad were used as research objects,and the yield correlation traits and qualities in Wuhan of the warm region and Kunming of the cold region were analyzed.The membership function method was used combined with chain cluster analysis to screen excellent cold tolerance resources,and the influence of cold and cool climate on yield correlation factors and quality was analyzed.Key cold resistance identification indicators were screened to identify and evaluate their cold resistance.The results showed that the plant,yield and quality of peanut were mainly affected by the temperature,light and accumulated tempera-ture at the pod stage and the full fruit ripening stage:the higher temperature and accumulated temperature,longer light time result in the higher yield,oil content,protein and other content and also resulted in lower content of oleic acid,linoleic acid and sucrose.Tolerance of different materials to low temperature was different.The comprehensive cold resistance evaluation value(D)was clustered and analyzed,and 372 varieties were divided into 4 categories.Among them,Class Ⅰ belonged to the strong cold resistant type with a total of two parts;Class Ⅱ belongs to the cold-resistant type with a total of 86 varieties;Class Ⅲ belongs to the non-cold-resistant type with a total of 280 variet-ies;Class Ⅳ is a sensitive type of varieties with a total of 4 varieties.Using multiple stepwise regression analysis method,the evaluation model of peanut field cold tolerance Y=-0.002+0.003X1+0.008X2+0.002X3+0.001X4 was es-tablished,and the relative hundred kernel weight,relative number of fruits per plant,relative plant height and rela-tive yield per plant were screened out as the initial screening indicators of peanut field cold tolerance,which provid-ed basic varieties and efficient identification methods for the cultivation of new varieties of peanut cold tolerance and related theoretical research.