目的:估算精神分裂症、抑郁症和双相障碍的直接成本和间接成本,比较总成本及成本构成的差异,并探讨成本的影响因素.方法:选取该3类精神障碍住院患者共3 175例,收集患者过去1年内门诊及住院的产生的医疗总费用和自付费用、门诊或住院花费的非医疗费用、患者因病无法工作的时间以及因病损坏财产的其他损失.从个人水平和社会水平上测算直接成本和间接成本.采用多重线性回归模型分析3类精神障碍成本的影响因素.结果:精神分裂症人均疾病总成本在个人水平和社会水平上均高于抑郁症和双相障碍,3类精神障碍的间接费用均高于直接费用,双相障碍间接成本占比略高于精神分裂症和抑郁症.多重线性回归分析显示,年龄、工作状态以及婚姻状况(P<0.05)是影响疾病成本的重要因素.结论:3类精神障碍的经济负担较重,其中精神分裂症的疾病负担最重,因精神障碍导致的生产力损失是疾病成本的主要部分.
Objective:To evaluate direct and indirect costs for schizophrenia,major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar disorder,and to compare their differences of cost composition,and to explore the drivers of the total costs.Methods:A total of 3 175 inpatients with schizophrenia,MDD,and bipolar disorder were recruited.In-patient's self-report total direct of medical costs outpatient and inpatient,out-of-pocket costs,and direct non-medical costs were regarded as direct costs.Productivity loss and other loss caused by damaging properties were defined as indirect costs.The perspectives of this study included individual and societal levels.Multivariate regression analysis was applied for detecting the factors influencing disease costs.Results:The total cost of schizophrenia was higher than those of MDD and bipolar disorder at individual and societal levels.The indirect costs of three mental disorders were higher than the direct costs,and the indirect cost ratio of bipolar disorder was higher than those of schizophre-nia and MDD.Age,gender,working condition and marital status(P<0.05)were the important drivers of total costs.Conclusion:The economic burden of the three mental disorders is relatively heavy.Schizophrenia has heaviest disease burden,and the productivity loss due to mental disorders is the driving force of the soaring disease cost