研究绿肥还田利用方式对玉米干物质积累分配规律及产量的影响,对优化区域玉米种植制度具有重要意义.2020-2021 年在甘肃内陆河绿洲灌区进行田间试验,研究了绿肥全量翻压(tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil,TG)、绿肥地表覆盖免耕(no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface,NTG)、绿肥地上部移除根茬翻压(tillage with root incorporated in the soil and above ground green manure removed,T)、绿肥地上部移除免耕(no-tillage with above ground manure removed,NT)和传统翻耕、休闲(conventional tillage and leisure,CT)5 个处理对玉米干物质积累、分配及产量的影响.结果表明,NTG和TG处理具有明显的干物质积累优势,在完熟期二者地上部干物质积累量分别较 CT 处理显著提高 20.2%和 17.7%,较 T 处理显著提高20.2%和 7.3%,较NT处理显著提高 15.7%和 13.0%;同时NTG和TG处理促进了干物质向穗部的分配,分别较CT处理显著提高 10.3%和 9.0%;通过Logistic方程拟合发现,NTG、TG处理的玉米干物质最大增长速率(Vmax)和平均增长速率(Vmean)分别较CT处理显著提高 36.6%、24.8%和 20.2%、17.7%;且NTG和TG处理增产效果显著,分别较CT处理增产 24.9%和 25.7%,增产主要归因于穗粒数的提高.因此,绿肥地表覆盖免耕和绿肥全量翻压处理有利于促进玉米干物质积累与分配,提高产量,其中绿肥地表覆盖免耕处理效果突出,可作为该区推荐的绿肥还田利用方式.
The study of green manure application methods on the accumulation and distribution of maize dry matter and yield has significant implications for optimizing regional maize cropping systems.Field experiments were conducted in the inland river oasis irrigation area of Gansu province,China,from 2020 to 2021 to investigate the effects of five treatments,including tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in the soil(TG),no-tillage with full quantity of green manure mulched on soil surface(NTG),tillage with root incorporated in the soil and above ground green manure removed(T),no-tillage with above ground manure removed(NT),and conventional tillage and leisure(CT),on dry matter accumulation,distribution,and yield of maize.The results showed that the NTG and TG treatments had significant advantages in dry matter accumulation,with above-ground dry matter accumulation increasing by 20.2%and 17.7%,respectively,compared with CT treatment at the fully mature stage.The above-ground dry matter accumulations of NTG and TG treatments were also significantly higher than T and NT treatments,with the increases of 20.2%and 7.3%,and 15.7%and 13.0%,respectively.In addition,NTG and TG treatments promoted the distribution of dry matter to the ear,increasing by 10.3%and 9.0%,respectively,compared with CT treatment.By fitting the Logistic equation,we found that the maximum growth rate(Vmax)and average growth rate(Vmean)of maize dry matter in the NTG and TG treatments were significantly higher than CT treatment,with the increase of 36.6%,24.8%,and 20.2%,17.7%,respectively.The NTG and TG treatments also significantly increased yield by 24.9%and 25.7%,respectively,compared with CT treatment,mainly attributed to the increase in the number of grains per ear.Therefore,no-tillage with full quantity of green ma-nure mulched on soil surface and tillage with full quantity of green manure incorporated in soil treatments were beneficial for promoting dry matter accumulation and distribution and increasing yield of maize,with the former being the most effective and recommended green manure application method in this area.