对俄罗斯露天煤矿的资源、生产等情况进行了深入分析,总结了俄罗斯露天煤矿开采技术的发展历程以及在典型地区的技术应用,梳理了俄罗斯露天煤矿装备特点、主要装备应用情况以及俄罗斯露天煤矿主要的生态保护措施.研究得出:俄罗斯适合露天开采的煤炭资源丰富,其探明储量占比达到俄罗斯煤炭资源总量的72%以上,露天煤矿产量占俄罗斯煤炭产量75%以上,露天煤矿是俄罗斯煤炭产业发展的重点.俄罗斯露天煤矿的开采工艺主要采用轮斗连续开采工艺,同时无运输倒堆工艺使用也较多,挖掘机、自卸卡车、吊斗铲等与开采工艺相对应的装备近些年取得了新的发展.在煤炭开发利用的同时,俄罗斯高度重视煤炭工业环境安全问题,在机构设置、法律法规、生态修复技术等方面积极探索并取得诸多进展,减少了露天煤矿开发对环境的负面影响.
This paper analyzes the resources and production situation of open-pit coal mines in Russia,summarizes the development process of open-pit coal mining technology in Russia and its technology application in typical regions,sorts out the characteristics of open-pit mining equipment,the application of main equipment,and the main ecological protection measures of open-pit coal mines in Russia.Research has shown that Russia has abundant coal resources suitable for open-pit mining,with proved reserves accounting for over 72%of Russia's total proved coal reserves.The production of open-pit coal mines accounts for over 75%of Russia's total coal production,and open-pit coal mines are a key area for the development of Russia's coal industry.The mining process of open-pit mines in Russia is mainly the wheel bucket continuous mining process,and the non-transport and stacking process is also commonly used.In recent years,there have been new developments in equipment corresponding to mining processes,such as excavators,dump trucks,and bucket shovels.While developing and utilizing coal resources,Russia attaches great importance to environmental safety issues in the coal industry,actively explores institutional settings,laws and regulations,ecological restoration technologies,and makes progress to reduce the negative impact of open-pit coal mine development on the environment.