总结分析山东省2003-2022年小麦病虫害总体发生演变规律,以及蚜虫、麦蜘蛛、地下害虫、纹枯病、白粉病、锈病、赤霉病等7种主要病虫害发生防治和为害损失情况:7种(类)主要病虫害年发生面积为752.23万~1 051.32万hm2次,占当年总发生面积的78.18%~90.39%;防治面积为751.20万~1 262.49万hm2次,占当年总防治面积的80.63%~90.67%;平均每年挽回小麦产量损失273.90万t,占小麦病虫害挽回损失总量的91.97%,达到全省小麦平均总产的12.34%;年平均实际损失19.58万t.全省小麦主要病虫害发生呈现蚜虫、麦蜘蛛、地下害虫、纹枯病、叶锈病等主要常发性病虫害发生相对平稳,条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病等流行性病害年度间波动幅度大,吸浆虫、黏虫、麦叶蜂、全蚀病、根腐病等病虫害发生呈下降趋势,小麦黄花叶病、茎基腐病等新发病虫为害上升特点,并据此提出了对应的防控对策建议.
This paper presents a summary and analysis of the occurrence and dynamics of wheat diseases and pests in Shandong Province from 2003 to 2022.It also covers the occurrence,control,and damage losses of seven major diseases and pests,namely aphids,wheat mites,underground pests,sharp eyespot,powdery mildew,rust,and wheat scab.Over the past 20 years,the annual occurrence area of these seven pests and diseases has ranged from 7.522 3 to 10.513 2 million hm2,accounting for 78.18%to 90.39%of the total occurrence area of wheat pests.The control area has ranged from 7.512 0 to 12.624 9 million hm2,accounting for 80.63%to 90.67%of the total control area.Through prevention and control,the annual average yield loss is reduced by 2.7390 million tons,accounting for 91.97%of the total reduction of yield loss and 12.34%of the average total wheat yield in Shandong province.The annual average actual yield loss is 0.1958 million tons.The incidence of aphids,wheat mites,underground pests,sharp eyespot,and leaf rust was relatively stable,while the stripe rust,powdery mildew,and wheat scab fluctuated greatly between years.Pests and diseases such as wheat midge,armyworm,wheat leaf wasp,wheat take-all disease,and root rot tended to decline.The occurrence area of new diseases and pests,such as wheat yellow mosaic virus disease and wheat crown rot,increased.Based on the characteristics of wheat disease and insect pests,measures and suggestions are proposed.