基于遥感数据和GIS技术,以龙江森工集团和伊春森工集团所属 40 个国有森工企业为研究对象,剖析不同时期土地利用类型动态变化,结合土地利用转移变化规模和方向的时空差异,探讨国有林区土地利用变化与经济社会发展转型新形势、新问题之间的关系.研究结果表明:⑴2006-2019 年间黑龙江省国有林区天然林生态保护修复成效显著,林地面积增加了3.379 185 万hm2,动态度达到29.48%;⑵2014-2018 年土地利用类型间转移最为频繁,除林地、水域和未利用地外,所有土地都存在用地竞争;⑶2006-2020 年生态用地向建设用地转出面积约是建设用地向生态用地转出面积的 2.10 倍;⑷伊春森工集团的土地利用转移变化程度比龙江森工集团更稳定;⑸生态用地增加较多的国有森工企业总产值相对更高.
⑴ Background——Global land use changes from 1960 to 2019 have affected nearly 32%of the earth's land area and these changes have obscured different trajectories of policy responses in many regions.Assessing the dynamic changes of land use types in 40 state-owned forest industry enterprises in Heilongjiang Province in different periods is helpful to understand the logical law between land use dynamics and economic and social poli-cy development of state-owned forest industry enterprises,and is helpful to rationally adjust the ecological land layout based on the ecological and resource advantages of state-owned forest areas. ⑵ Methods——The land cover data of 40 state-owned forest industry enterprises affiliated to China Longjiang Forestry Industry Group Co.,Ltd.and Heilongjiang Yichun Forestry Industry Group Co.,Ltd.from 2006 to 2020 used in this paper came from European Space Agency Climate Change Institute(ESACCI).Six main types of land use were identified and their respective areas were extracted by using ArcGIS tool for supervi-sion classification and visual interpretation.On this basis,the land use transfer matrix was used to calculate the area change of land use type conversion of the state-owned forest industry enterprises from 2006 to 2020,and the current situation of land use in the state-owned forest areas was analyzed according to the spatial and temporal differences of the scale and direction of land use transfer change in different regions. ⑶ Results——Forest resources in the state-owned forest areas have been effectively protected under the back-ground of ecological civilization construction.From 2006 to 2019,the ecological protection and restoration of natural forests in the state-owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province have achieved remarkable results.The area of forest-land increased by 33 791.85hm2,and the proportion of new dynamic forestland area reached 29.48%.However,the area transferred from ecological land to construction land from 2006 to 2020 was about 2.10 times that of construction land to ecological land.Especially from 2014 to 2018,the transfer between various land use types was the most fre-quent,and the policy of completely stopping commercial logging in natural forests had a direct impact on the change of land use structure in the state-owned forest areas.In addition,there were significant differences in land use com-petition and tradeoff between Longjiang forest industry and Yichun forest industry.The degree of land use transfer change of the state-owned forest industry enterprises affiliated to Yichun forest industry was relatively stable,while the transfer and change of land use types of Longjiang forest industry were more frequent.There were great differences in the direction and quantity of land use transfer in different regions.The total output value of the state-owned forest in-dustry enterprises with a higher proportion of ecological land use was relatively high. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First,clarify the function of land use through detailed spatial and temporal layout in the planning,improve the efficiency of land use and the quality of land use system through policy guidance.Second,fully consider the transition stage of land use in the regions where the forest industry enterprises are located,and strengthen and highlight the integration relationship between the main land use types and the regional ecosystems.Third,pay high attention to the land use types represented by grasslands that are significantly reduced in the short term,and take reasonable measures to protect and restore them.Fourth,eco-logical land should not be excessively occupied,and the governance and distribution efficiency of all land use factors should be considered as a whole to maximize the overall and long-term interests.