微纳米材料的尺度与页岩孔隙结构高度匹配,成为近年来国内外研究人员关注的重点.二氧化硅及其复合材料因其具备的小尺寸等特性为解决页岩井壁失稳问题提供了新途径.在钻井过程中将其用作页岩稳定剂,可有效减缓孔隙压力传递、降低页岩表面水化效应,有利于改善页岩井壁稳定性.综述了纳米二氧化硅及其复合材料的制备方法、用作页岩稳定剂的研究和应用现状,同时指出现有材料仍存在的问题,并提出了环境刺激响应型二氧化硅复合材料在页岩钻探中的应用等发展方向,以期相关学者进行参考.
The scale of micro-nano materials is highly matched with the pore structure of shale,which has become the focus of domestic and foreign researchers in recent years.Silicon dioxide and its composite materials provide a new way to solve the problem of shale wellbore instability due to their small size and other characteristics.Using it as a shale stabilizer during drilling can effectively slow down the transmission of pore pressure,reduce the hydration effect of shale surface,and improve shale wellbore stability.In this article,the preparation methods of nano silica and its composite materials were reviewed,as well as the research and application status of shale stabilizers.At the same time,the existing problems of existing materials were pointed out,and the development direction of environmental stimulus-responsive silica composites in shale drilling was put forward,so as to provide reference for relevant scholars.