近代江西的教堂类建筑起初多以建筑群落的形式存在.经过多年的变迁后,目前保存完整的教堂建筑群已寥寥无几,大多仅保留经堂,附属建筑多被拆除.本文对江西余江区锦江镇天主教堂建筑群及江西现存主要天主教堂建筑群进行了调查研究.在建筑总平面布局方面,从锦江天主教堂建筑群入手,对江西各地的天主教堂建筑群的平面布局特点与建筑组合形式进行对比归纳.在建筑单体方面,着重选取了建筑群中具有代表性的建筑,围绕不同的建筑组构要素进行研究分析,总结建筑群中西结合特点.从建筑平面功能上来看,建筑群的单体建筑与中式传统建筑十分接近,都是将矩形平面与外廊结合.从建筑结构上来看,建筑群的大部分建筑多采用穿斗式、插梁式木构梁架,属于传统的中式大木作做法.建筑材料大量运用本地盛产的红色砂岩和青砖,显示了外来文化冲击下本土建筑自身的发展与变化.
Using field survey as the main study method,this paper conducted surveys at multiple church complexes at various sites across Jiangxi Province,including the catholic church complex in Jinjiang Town of Yujiang District.As to the overall floor lay-out of the buildings,based on Jinjiang catholic church complex,this paper reviewed and compared floor layout features and forms of building combinations of catholic church complexes at different places in Jiangxi Province,and categorized buildings into following groups based on their floor layout:separate-row layout;abbey style layout;courtyard-based layout;and assembly hall-centered,scat-tered layout,as represented by Jinjiang catholic church complex.As to components of the buildings,this paper mainly studied seven representative buildings in Jinjiang catholic church complex and conducted analysis on various key elements of building structures.It was concluded that Jinjiang catholic church complex combines the Chinese and western elements together in its design.As to the floor layout of buildings with different functions,different buildings of Jinjiang catholic church complex are laid out in a way very similar to the traditional Chinese design.For example,the priest's office,hospital,nursery and orphanage all have outdoor corridors and a rectangular-shaped floor layout,which is common for local traditional buildings designed to cope with the climate of Jiangxi Prov-ince,where winter is very cold and summer very hot.As to the building structure,most buildings in the complexes also adopted local designs,such as the use of the framework wherein transverse or weight-bearing beams are inserted into the top of columns,which is a traditional Chinese timber structure.As to the use of building materials,red sandstone which was abundant locally was widely used for the columns and walls of the buildings,and grey bricks which were produced locally were used for other parts of the buildings.Such color combination is distinctively different from that of a Western church.Overall,the color combination is elegant and rustic,the same as local buildings.Combining the development history of the Jinjiang catholic church complex with the modern history of Anren,an ancient city located in today's Jinjiang Town,this paper discussed the influence of changed nature of society on the inte-gration of different building designs as well as the development and changes of local buildings under the impact of foreign culture.