旅游生态效率表征旅游业绿色集约发展水平,能直接反映旅游与生态两大系统的协调发展程度.该文以黄河流域73个市域为研究单元,综合采用Super-SBM模型、线性趋势分析、探索性时空数据分析(ESTDA)和地理探测器等方法,分析2008-2017年黄河流域市域尺度旅游生态效率时空格局、变化趋势及其驱动因素.结果表明:①2008-2017年黄河流域旅游生态效率均值呈现先降后升的"U"形态势,且具有显著空间异质性特征;核密度曲线趋向"双峰"形态发育,右尾延长度增加显著,效率提升效果明显.②旅游生态效率等级表现为低效率城市为主体,高效率城市不断扩充,且有向中下游集聚趋势;轻度下降、基本不变市域与轻度提升、显著提升市域数量相当;流域旅游生态效率局域空间格局具有较强的稳定性和空间依赖性特征,区域间存在一定空间整合性,且协作强于竞争;局部空间转移具有显著的路径依赖,在短期内难以扭转旅游生态效率依附关系惯性.③黄河流域旅游生态效率时空格局特征是诸多因素综合驱动的结果,城镇化水平是影响黄河流域旅游生态效率的长期主导因子,产业结构高级化与综合交通通达性、环境规制、经济发展水平、城镇化的交互作用对旅游生态效率的正向边际效应明显.
Tourism eco-efficiency characterizes the level of green and intensive development of tourism,which can directly reflect the degree of coordinated development of the two major systems of tourism and ecology.Taking 73 cities(states and leagues)in the Yellow River Basin as the research units,we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns and trends of tourism eco-efficiency at the city scale in the Yellow River Basin by integrating the Super-SBM model,linear trend analysis,exploratory spatial-tempo-ral data analysis(ESTDA)technique and geographical detector,and explored the driving factors affecting tourism eco-efficien-cy.It is found as follows.① From 2008 to 2017,the mean value of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin showed a"U-shaped"trend of first decreasing and then increasing,with significant spatial heterogeneity.The kernel density curve tended to develop in a"double-peaked"pattern,and the extension of the right tail increased.② The tourism eco-efficiency level showed that low-efficiency cities dominated and high-efficiency cities were expanding,and there was a trend of clustering in the middle and lower reaches.The number of mildly declining and basically unchanged cities was equal to that of mildly improving and sig-nificantly improving cities.The local spatial pattern of tourism eco-efficiency in the basin has strong stability and spatial depend-ence characteristics,and there is a certain spatial integration between regions,and collaboration is stronger than competition.The local spatial transfer has significant path dependence,and it is difficult to reverse the inertia of tourism eco-efficiency de-pendence in the short term.③ The spatial and temporal pattern of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin are driving by many factors,and the level of urbanization is the long-term dominant factor.The interactions of advanced industrial structure and comprehensive transportation accessibility,environmental regulation,economic development level,and urbanization have sig-nificant positive marginal effect on tourism eco-efficiency.