变电站二次设备故障声源复杂多变,且在空间狭窄、位置不易接触的设备上采用接触式振动传感器采集振动信号有很大的局限性,基于非接触式的声阵列装置采集到的声音信号可以解决这些问题.针对变电站二次设备故障声源的测向问题,通过最小描述长度(Minimum Description Length,MDL)准则改进了多重信号分类算法,设计和制做了 L型声阵列的声源采集装置并进行故障声源采集.结果表明,改进的算法能够有效地估计出声源数,并为二维测向提供先验条件,使得测向精度准确,且2个声源的俯仰角或方位角相同时不会相互影响.该方法能有效测量出源信号的方向且具有一定抗干扰性,对于变电站二次设备故障诊断有较好的指导意义.
The sound source of secondary equipment faults in substations is complex and variable,and the use of contact vibration sensors to collect vibration signals on equipment with narrow space and difficult to reach positions has significant limitations.The sound signals collected based on non-contact acoustic array devices can solve this problem.In response to the direction finding problem of secondary equipment faults in substations,a multi signal classification algorithm is improved using the Minimum Description Length(MDL)criterion.An L-shaped sound array sound source acquisition device is designed and manufactured,and the fault sound source is collected.The results show that the improved algorithm effectively estimates the number of sound sources and provides prior conditions for two-dimensional direction finding,making the accuracy of direction finding accurate.It also achieves that the same pitch or azimuth angle of two sound sources will not affect each other.This method can effectively measure the direction of the source signal and has a certain degree of anti-interference,which has good guiding significance for the diagnosis of secondary equipment faults in substations.